19,651 research outputs found
On a unified formulation of completely integrable systems
The purpose of this article is to show that a differential
system on which admits a set of independent
conservation laws defined on an open subset , is
essentially equivalent on an open and dense subset of ,
with the linear differential system $u^\prime_1=u_1, \ u^\prime_2=u_2,..., \
u^\prime_n=u_n$. The main results are illustrated in the case of two concrete
dynamical systems, namely the three dimensional Lotka-Volterra system, and
respectively the Euler equations from the free rigid body dynamics.Comment: 11 page
The free rigid body dynamics: generalized versus classic
In this paper we analyze the normal forms of a general quadratic Hamiltonian
system defined on the dual of the Lie algebra of real -
skew - symmetric matrices, where is an arbitrary real symmetric
matrix. A consequence of the main results is that any first-order autonomous
three-dimensional differential equation possessing two independent quadratic
constants of motion which admits a positive/negative definite linear
combination, is affinely equivalent to the classical "relaxed" free rigid body
dynamics with linear controls.Comment: 12 page
New variational and multisymplectic formulations of the Euler-Poincar\'e equation on the Virasoro-Bott group using the inverse map
We derive a new variational principle, leading to a new momentum map and a
new multisymplectic formulation for a family of Euler--Poincar\'e equations
defined on the Virasoro-Bott group, by using the inverse map (also called
`back-to-labels' map). This family contains as special cases the well-known
Korteweg-de Vries, Camassa-Holm, and Hunter-Saxton soliton equations. In the
conclusion section, we sketch opportunities for future work that would apply
the new Clebsch momentum map with -cocycles derived here to investigate a
new type of interplay among nonlinearity, dispersion and noise.Comment: 19 page
The Osmotic Coefficient of Rod-like Polyelectrolytes: Computer Simulation, Analytical Theory, and Experiment
The osmotic coefficient of solutions of rod-like polyelectrolytes is
considered by comparing current theoretical treatments and simulations to
recent experimental data. The discussion is restricted to the case of
monovalent counterions and dilute, salt-free solutions. The classical
Poisson-Boltzmann solution of the cell model correctly predicts a strong
decrease in the osmotic coefficient, but upon closer look systematically
overestimates its value. The contribution of ion-ion-correlations are
quantitatively studied by MD simulations and the recently proposed DHHC theory.
However, our comparison with experimental data obtained on synthetic,
stiff-chain polyelectrolytes shows that correlation effects can only partly
explain the discrepancy. A quantitative understanding thus requires theoretical
efforts beyond the restricted primitive model of electrolytes.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure
Effect of grass–clover forage and whole-wheat feeding on the sensory quality of eggs
BACKGROUND: A sensory panel evaluated the sensory profile of eggs from hens from three experimental systems: (1) an indoor system × normal layer diet (InL), (2) a grass–clover forage system × normal layer diet (GrL), and (3) a grass–clover forage system × whole wheat and oyster shells (GrW).
RESULTS: The taste of the albumen was significantly more ‘watery’ and the yolks a darker yellow/orange in the eggs from the GrL and GrW groups. The yolk was darkest from the GrW group. The yolks from the InL and GrW groups had a significantly more ‘fresh’, less ‘animal’, ‘cardboard’, and ‘intense’ aroma than the GrL group. The taste of the yolks from the InL and GrW groups was significantlymore ‘fresh’ and less ‘cardboard’-like compared to the GrL group. The yolks tasted significantly less ‘sulfurous’ in the GrW group than in the GrL group.
CONCLUSION: The combination of a high feed intake from a grass–clover pasture and the type of feed allocated is an important factor in relation to the sensory quality of eggs. Thus, a less favourable sensory profile of eggs was found from hens on a grass–clover pasture and fed a normal layer diet
Two-component {CH} system: Inverse Scattering, Peakons and Geometry
An inverse scattering transform method corresponding to a Riemann-Hilbert
problem is formulated for CH2, the two-component generalization of the
Camassa-Holm (CH) equation. As an illustration of the method, the multi -
soliton solutions corresponding to the reflectionless potentials are
constructed in terms of the scattering data for CH2.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, draft, please send comment
Complete integrability versus symmetry
The purpose of this article is to show that on an open and dense set,
complete integrability implies the existence of symmetry
Continuous and discrete Clebsch variational principles
The Clebsch method provides a unifying approach for deriving variational
principles for continuous and discrete dynamical systems where elements of a
vector space are used to control dynamics on the cotangent bundle of a Lie
group \emph{via} a velocity map. This paper proves a reduction theorem which
states that the canonical variables on the Lie group can be eliminated, if and
only if the velocity map is a Lie algebra action, thereby producing the
Euler-Poincar\'e (EP) equation for the vector space variables. In this case,
the map from the canonical variables on the Lie group to the vector space is
the standard momentum map defined using the diamond operator. We apply the
Clebsch method in examples of the rotating rigid body and the incompressible
Euler equations. Along the way, we explain how singular solutions of the EP
equation for the diffeomorphism group (EPDiff) arise as momentum maps in the
Clebsch approach. In the case of finite dimensional Lie groups, the Clebsch
variational principle is discretised to produce a variational integrator for
the dynamical system. We obtain a discrete map from which the variables on the
cotangent bundle of a Lie group may be eliminated to produce a discrete EP
equation for elements of the vector space. We give an integrator for the
rotating rigid body as an example. We also briefly discuss how to discretise
infinite-dimensional Clebsch systems, so as to produce conservative numerical
methods for fluid dynamics
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